Voyageurs

Overview

Voyageurs, in far Northern Minnesota, is one of my unexpectedly favorite National Parks. 

Why was I surprised? Well, I typically seek out places for extensive hiking trails, jagged mountain tops, and obvious dramatic views. Voyageurs has none of those things. It is a (mostly flat) water-based park. There are few maintained hiking trails, no mountains, 40% of its 218,200 acres are water, and 100% of its campsites require a kayak, canoe, or motor boat to access. 

And yet, because of these attributes Voyageurs offers a rare combination of self-directed adventure, beauty, wilderness and solitude. I cherish the hours I spent island hopping, napping under pine trees, watching gorgeously plumed birds fish, and floating lazily on the water. Moreover, because so much of Voyageurs is so far from any roads and its waterways naturally spread visitors out over its innumerable bays, beaches, islands, and forest glades (vs many of the other parks that funnel all visitors towards a few well-known sublime views) you are likely to find yourself all alone with pristine natural beauty and wildlife (in silence) often.

While no guide can give you a perfect path for exploring this wilderness oasis, below you’ll find suggestions that I hope will empower you to begin planning your own unique adventure, including tips on how to get to the park, when to go, activities to try, places to stay, and photography idea. 

Getting There: How and When to Go

Voyageurs protects nearly a quarter million acres of lakes, islands, and forest land along the US-Canadian border in Minnesota.

The closest major cities to the park are Minneapolis, Minnesota (a 5 hour drive to the south) and Winnipeg, Canada (4 hours northwest). There is also a very small regional airport close to the entrance of the park in International Falls, Minnesota.

The park is open year-round. However, the most popular season for exploring is summer, especially from Memorial Day to Labor Day. Early fall can also be a nice time to visit the park, however weather can be dodgier. For the truly hardy of spirit the park remains open all winter. Snowmobiling and cross-country skiing are possible once the lake’s freeze solid. Winter is known also a great time to come up for star gazing and aurora borealis watching. It’s important to note that this part of Minnesota can get snowstorms as late as May and as early October, though typically icy waters and winter weather span November to April.    

Pro tip: summer weather may be perfect for humans, but be aware that it’s also perfect for mosquitos and flies too. If you are traveling in the summer, especially in June and July be sure to bring bug spray and a head net, especially if you are planning to camp. 

Also note that even on days when the temperature isn’t especially hot the sun can be quite intense as it reflects off the water. For those of you who are fair skinned (like me), make sure to bring plenty of sun protection, including a wide brimmed hat, a SPF shirt, and a buff for your neck.

Navigating the Park

As you plan your visit, it’s important to remember there really isn’t very much to do that is accessible by car. Yes, there are a few very short hikes and exhibits worth seeing near the visitor centers (such as the Ellsworth Rock Gardens at Kabetogama); however, this is first and foremost a water park. You should make your plans in terms of which bodies of water you want to explore and how you want to get on the water.

There are four main access points into the park: Rainy Lake, Crane Lake, Kabetogama and Ash River.

Rainy Lake in International Falls serves the northern most portion park. Here you will find the park’s main visitor center, which is open year-round. 

The park’s northern boundary traverses 55 miles of the US-Canada border, much of it cutting through the middle of Rainy Lake itself. The lake is massive and extends beyond the National Park, with miles of snaking shorelines, some areas of development, and also hundreds of secluded uninhabited islands. Rainy Lake stretches deep into wilderness areas on both sides of US and Canada of the border. (Even with the closure of the border in 2020 due to Covid-19, there is still much to explore in this section of the park).

Crane Lake is technically just outside the park boundaries, but is the best place to access to the southeastern most portions of the park. 

Kabetogama and Ash River are between the two. Both are about a 45-minute drive south of the Rainy Lake Visitor Center and have seasonally open visitor centers. These are in the heart of the park, and have the best access to the most remote areas of the park’s protected wilderness.

 Activities

Camping: the best way to enjoy Voyageurs is to get out into the wilderness and unwind over a multi-day period. From a campsite on the water you can really sink into the rhythms of nature, spending your days paddling, swimming, birding, chilling, camp-firing, rock scrambling, cliff jumping, island-hopping, forest bathing, sunset watching, and star gazing. 

The park service has set up numerous campsites throughout the park. Please note ALL are accessible by boat only.

In addition to paddler friendly campsites, there are also special moorings throughout the park for motor and houseboats, which can be rented and operated (without any special license). House boats help you explore further and enable you get deep into far corners of the park without ever giving up the comforts of a hotel. 

Campsites and houseboat moorings must be booked in advance and online.  

Paddling and Island Hopping: Kayaks and canoes can be rented from many local resorts or guiding companies in the area, including Voyageurs Outfitters. Most outfitters offer both equipment only and guided options for both single day and multi-day adventures. Rentals are available from all four resort areas. Note that the most popular day kayaking routes are from Ash River; however, I also enjoyed kayaking around Rainy Lake in several spots.  

While planning is important before you head out on the water, my favorite memories are actually from the times I pulled ashore in completely unplanned, nondescript spots on a whim. I particularly cherished a nap I took under a grove of red pines one afternoon, and numerous explorations of trail-less forests and coastlines on small islands. 

For those who want to combine boating with established hiking, the park service also maintains a number of trails which are only accessible by boat. The easiest to get to is the 1.2 mile Black Bay Trail. It is a short paddle from the Rainy Lake marina. For the more adventurous, there are several longer trails further into the park’s wilderness including ones at Cruiser Lake, Locator Lake, and Beast Lake. 

Motor Boating: The most efficient way to explore large portions of the park is by motor boat. If you only have a day or two to explore, a guided motorboat tour is the way to go. Several companies offer highly rated tours, including Voyageurs Outfitters. Numerous outfitters also offer fishing tours.

On-Shore Hiking: There are very few front country hiking options. Of these, my favorite was the Blind Ash Bay Trail. The hike starts at Lake Kabetogoma Overlook parking area, and winds through a boreal forest ecosystem and along a ridge line that overlooks beautiful sections of water and the islands within it in several places. 

 Hidden Gems:

The Kettle Falls Hotel is the only lodge technically inside the park. Getting there is part of the fun as it’s 16 miles from the nearest road. Thankfully, the hotel offers a boat shuttle from Ash River for guests. Whether you are staying at the hotel, or merely stopping by, it’s a fun plan to hang out, grab a meal, or play a game of pool. 

The Namakan Narrows is known for its especially good wildlife viewing, and for the way the shores of the US-Canada border converge in a number of places to only a stone’s throw apart. Unfortunately, they are most easily accessed from the Canadian side of the border which is closed in 2020. However, it can also be accessed by boat from the US side. 

Sand Point has some of the parks most beautiful campgrounds, including one on Burnt Island. Be on the look-out for local who can point you to the cliff jumping spots throughout the area. 

Lastly, Vermillion Gorge can be floated when the water is high. It is in Crane Lake, and accessible via boat and a hiking trail behind Voyagaire Lodge.  

 Where to stay 

Camping: camping in the park requires advanced online reservations. As a reminder, all campsites require a boat to access. I found the rangers I spoke to extremely helpful at helping plan routes and campsites. For those looking to camp onshore there are some (rather limited) car-camping sites nearby-(ish) outside of the park boundaries. These include the Woodenfrog State Forest Campground near Katetogoma, the Ash River State Forest Campground, and also Dispersed Camping in the Superior National Forest.

Lodges: there is only one small rustic hotel in the park, the Kettle Falls Hotel. To get there requires a boat or sea plane. The hotel also offers a shuttle from the Ash River Visitor Center upon request. 

Resorts: There are also a number of rustic resorts nearby park’s southern entrances that primarily cater to families, including Voyaguers Sunrise Resort and Harmony Beach Resort (near the Kabetogoma Visitor Center), Sunset Resort and the Ash Ka Nam Lodge and Resort (near the Ash River Visitor Center), andVoyagaire Lodge and Voyageurs Landing Resort (on Crane Lake). Note that many of the resorts near the park haven’t optimized their Google keywords and Expedia strategies, so a simple google search is unlikely to yield results of all available resort options in the area. Use the links above to check availability on their websites as a first step in your search.

Hotels / Airbnbs: traditional motel and house rental options are a bit difficult to come by in northern Minnesota. Your best bet is to look for places in International Falls or the cute town of Ranier, which is near the Rainy Lake Visitor Center. 

Photography Ideas

Consider bringing a telephoto lens to capture the details of the many large striking birds (including Trumpeter Swans, White Pelicans, Pileated Woodpeckers, Belted Kingfishers, and Bald Eagles to name a few) that calls this refuge home. Consider moving slowly through the forests to shoot the textures and colors of the bark and moss. And don’t forget to bring a tripod and wide-angle lens to capture both the movement and reflections on the waters and the colors of the sunrises and sunsets across it. 

Conclusion

Voyageurs is unique in the park system. As you adventure within it, I wish you many moments of solitude, joy, and wonder.

As always, leave a comment below if you have any questions or suggestions on how to improve this guide.

Everglades

When you close your eyes and imagine the Everglades, you wouldn’t be alone if the first thing that came to mind were swamps and alligators. In a way you’d be right. It is full of both swamps and alligators. But you’d also be missing the bigger picture. The Everglades is actually one of the most diverse ecosystems in the world. And at its core is one massive slow-moving river – 60 miles wide and 100 miles long — which sustains not only myriad types of flora, but also numerous bird and animal species (including humans).

The Everglades National Park was established in 1947 to protect over 1.5 million acres of this sub-tropical wonderland.

While the park’s edges are less than hour from the popular tourist destinations of both Miami and Naples, getting there is only a first step. Given its size and lack of significant hiking trails, many visitors feel overwhelmed when planning a visit. Instead of exploring on their own, they end up just booking a half day van tour from Miami. You can do better. To aid in your adventure, this guide includes an overview of each public area of the park, how to get there, specific touring ideas, and thoughts on where to stay. Happy adventuring!

Navigating the Park

The Everglades National Park is massive and extremely diverse. Given this, figuring out what you want to see and how to get there in advance is important. This section of the guide provides an overview of each of the main areas of the park.

Source: NPS website

Shark Valley is home to the Everglade’s iconic sawgrass freshwater sloughs. Its views, easy alligator viewing, and proximity to the Miami (45 minutes without traffic) make this the most visited and easiest-to-get-to section of the park. 

To get oriented, I recommend taking the 2-hour tram tour that leaves from the Shark Valley Visitor Center ($27 for adults and $14 for children as of 2020). It’s a fun way to see different views, while learning about the Everglades from a trained naturalist guide. Alternatively, you can bike a portion (or all) of the scenic 15-mile loop road at your own pace. Don’t miss hiking up the Observation Tower midway through the loop for panoramic views of the sloughs in all directions. 

This section of the park is also known for its airboat tours, which let you zip through large swaths of the river of grass (as the Everglades is also known) and get close up to alligators in their natural habitat. (More on these tours in the next section of this guide).

Everglades City (Gulf Coast Visitor Center): Here you’ll be greeted to entirely different views from Shark Valley. This section of the park protects the coastal estuaries where the freshwaters in the sloughs flow into the Gulf Coast. Expect to see beautiful cypress trees and mazes of mangrove forests throughout. Note that there are no roads or trails in this section of the park. Instead, you’ll have to get on the water if you want to explore. (Options for doing are included in the next section of this guide.)

South Road (Royal Palm and Flamingo): accessed through Homestead, a single park road will take you through the last vestiges of hardwood forests near the park entrance, through freshwater marl prairies, cypresses, and coastal marshes, before leading you onto the beaches along southern tip of mainland Florida.

Without stops, this drive takes less than hour. However, I recommend going slowly, stopping at the pullouts, and walking all of the short platform hikes along the way.

Confusingly, there are two visitor’s centers near the park entrance. The first is the Ernst Coe Visitor Center, which has a number of informational exhibits. Less than 10 minutes away is the Royal Palm Visitor Center. Stop at both, and make sure to walk the Anhinga trail at Royal Palm (0.8 miles round trip), where you are almost sure to see alligators amid the lily pads. 

Pro tip: This south section of the park is filled with hardcore bird watchers, many with powerful binoculars and scopes. As you drive toward Flamingo, you’ll often see them stopped along the road in seemingly random places. Do yourself a favor and stop to chat with them. They often have found beautiful birds hiding nearby that they’ll point out to you. 

Finally, at the end of the road you’ll get to Flamingo Visitor Center, Marina, and Campground. While there, consider renting a kayak to paddle one of the “trails”, or book a motor boat tour. (More details on both options are included in the next section of this guide.)

Alternatively, Flamingo has the park’s only long (and very muddy) hike, the Coastal Prairie Trail.  

Marjory Stoneman Douglas Wilderness: this area of park between the Gulf Coast Visitor Center and Flamingo Visitor Center is a maze of tidal estuaries, filled with exotic wildlife and mangrove forests. It’s meant to be explored in days (not just an afternoon). To aid in your adventures, the park service has built dozens of backcountry campsites which can only be accessed by boat. (More on exploring this area of the park below.)

Source: official NPS map of sites between Flamingo and Gulf Coast Visitor Centers, see: https://www.nps.gov/ever/planyourvisit/wilderness-trip-planner.htm

Planning Your Adventure Activities

While you can see some of the park from the road and viewing platforms, most of its wonders are far from them. So, in addition to a good pair of binoculars, I recommend you budget time to get into the tall grasses and tidal estuaries on an airboat, motorboat, or kayak as well. 

Airboats: Because the sloughs are massive, extremely shallow, filled with dangerous creatures, and covered in sensitive grasses, getting out into them can seem tricky. Walking isn’t possible, and traditional motorboats would get stuck. The solution is taking an airboat. These boats are flat-bottomed and propelled by a GIANT fan, which enables them to cover miles shallow waters in minutes and safely get you right next to the animals you want see.

There are numerous airboat tour companies. Some like, the Everglades Safari Park, have physical locations and on-land attractions for kids too. Others are merely a person with a boat who’ll take you out into the Everglades wherever he/she wants to go. To be honest, I don’t think you can go wrong either way. 

Pro tip: while many airboat tour companies geo-pin themselves as “inside the park” on Google Maps, few of them actually have physical locations at all, and many aren’t even allowed to operate inside the National Park itself. Instead, after booking online or on the phone, expect to meet someone at gas station near the park entrance, who will then direct you to an airboat parked in the water somewhere nearby. Once aboard you may (or may not), actually go inside the Everglades National Park boundary. Many tours end up in the sloughs to the north (technically the Everglades Wildlife Management Area). I’ve done both types of tours. They are both helpful for getting a sense of the ecosystem and getting up close to its many native species, including alligators.

Motor Boats are a good way to explore the coastal areas near both Everglades City and Flamingo. In addition to general sightseeing tours, there are multiple types of specialty tours depending on your interests, from fishing, to dolphin viewing, to bird watching, and photography. (Use this link to browse the latest NPS authorized guide list.)

Paddling: 

• Day trips: while most National Parks boast about their hiking trails, the Everglades NP is known for its seven paddling “trails”, all situated near the Flamingo Visitor Center. Whether you are a beginner or quite advanced, the Park Service has done a nice job creating “trails” that accommodate all skills. No need to bring your own kayak either. Renting equipment is easy and cheap with Flamingo Adventures, who has a physical location right near the marina. Alternatively, you can also do kayaking from Gulf Coast Visitor Center (official paddling guide for this section of the park can be found here). There was no official outfitter from the NPS when I went for this section of the park, but multiple companies in the nearby area could deliver kayaks to you there, including Everglades Area Tours.   

• Backcountry: a multi-day paddle would be a very special way to explore the Marjory Stoneman Douglas Wilderness. This area of the park is true wilderness, though the park service has helpfully built dozens of backcountry campsites (including a mix of on ground, beach, and elevated platform ones) throughout to facilitate exploration. Careful planning is required to navigate this section of the park. If this interests to you, check out the park service’s backcountry trip planner as a first step. Next, find a good outfitter or guiding company. While I haven’t made the trip yet myself, I had multiple conversations with Everglades Area Tours. They were very helpful, and talked me through all sorts of packages they offer, including equipment only, multi-day guided tours, shuttle services, and boat assisted base camps. 

When to go

While I’m sure all seasons have their charms, try to plan your trip between November and March. This window is best for minimizing exposure to mosquitos and next-level humidity. Still, note it can be quite hot even in the winter months. Always bring plenty of water and sun protection, whenever you visit. Lastly, even in the dry season, bug repellant is a good idea, especially if you’re planning to be out near sunrise and sunset.   

Where to Stay

Front Country Camping: there are only two front-country campground’s the Park. Both are in the south section. The Long Pine Campground is near the entrance to the park and the Flamingo Campground is at the end of the road. The Flamingo Campsite in particular is known for good stargazing as it’s very far from any city lights. You can reserve both RV and tents spots online through the Everglades Guest Services.

If you are hoping to stay near Shark Valley or Everglades City, additional camping is available outside the National Park in one of the Big Cypress National Preserve’s 7 campgrounds.

Hotels: Being so close to Miami it’s easy to find hotels for all budgets if you’re planning a day trip into the park. This is a good jumping off point whether you plan to explore Shark Valley or Flamingo. However, if you have an early morning boat tour (or want to stay out late) near Gulf Coast Visitor, hotel availability is low (and costs are high!) around there. Book a spot a month + ahead during busy season to find the best deals. While there are some motels in the small towns near the Gulf Coast Visitor Center, the closest major areas with large numbers of hotels are Marco Island and Naples.  

Personal Reflection

I loved my time in the Everglades, especially the areas in the south of the park. Something about the environment made time slow down for me. Perhaps it was the lack of mountains to climb vs. other parks, but the flat trails and easy paddles brought me into a place of deep peacefulness and observation. For instance, I’m not a “birder”, but I sat perfectly content for hours watching various birds in the park. When I close my eyes I can still clearly see the egrets “dancing” on the water as they tried to woo a mate, ibises and spoonbills swooping in and out of cypress boughs, anhingas preening, and an osprey emerging from the lake with a snake in its talons.

Even though I know these sights were signs of the dance of life and death always happening in the Everglades, being with it in this way, so far from cell service or other distractions, and with nothing to do but watch, brought to me a place of deep stillness and contentment.

Later, I would learn the ecosystem itself has been undergoing slow deadly pressures on a different scale altogether. These learnings shook me from my state of peaceful contemplation into more intense emotions.

Every tour guide, local, and park ranger I met who’d been in Florida more than 20 years wanted to tell me about “the shrinking” and “slow death” of the Everglades. I heard countless stories about how Americans have dredged, pumped, dammed, and tried to fill in large swaths of the Everglades over the last two centuries.

This type of destruction is not only an ancient phenomenon. Nearby agriculture, urban development, toxic dumping, and climate change all continue to contribute to the shrinking and damaging of numerous areas within the park boundaries.

Listing all of the environmental degradations done to the Everglades could fill up pages of this guide, but one recent story really jumped out to me. Since the 1990s, there has been a proliferation of dangerous predatory invasive species through the park. This includes hundreds of thousands of 20+ foot Burmese Pythons (!), who escaped from locals homes and pet stores. Today, those pythons have bred beyond the point of control, and have become a danger not only to all all sorts of bird species, but even to alligators and humans too.

Despite our mixed record of stewardship of the Everglades, the ecosystem remains essential to human habitation of South Florida. Without its fresh water sloughs, which fill up aquifers, it would cost a fortune to transport enough water to support the millions of people and density of water intensive agriculture in South Florida. Despite this, actually getting the political will protect the ecosystem has been a constant battle. Pressure for development close to the park’s eastern edge remains intense. Poisonous levels of mercury and fertilizer run-off are recorded annually in many sections of the park. And rising sea levels threaten ever larger sections of the coastal habitat. Meanwhile, in a strange reversal of history, billions of dollars have been spent on artificial pumps, passages, and dams in recent years not to drain the Everglades (like in times past), but in an attempt to keep the freshwater sloughs on “life support” (as one guide tartly told me.)

As a country we give a lot of lip service to protecting our wild and beautiful places. And, part of that is undoubtedly true. We have protected millions of acres of land from development. However, the history and trajectory of the Everglades also shows me that too often it’s also become the excuse to allow other forms of reckless development and environmental mismanagement elsewhere. Sometimes, it’s easy to not even notice. However, in the case of the Everglades, our collective unwillingness over decades to deal responsibly with these the complicated tradeoffs between development and preservation may ultimately destroy large portions / all of the lands “protected” within the park, and will have untold economic costs on the millions of people who live in the lands nearby it.

Conclusion

Thank you for reading my National Park Adventure Guide to Everglades National Park. I hope you have a wonderful time exploring. 

As always, if have any comments or suggestions on how to make this guide better for the next reader write them below or contact me directly.

Close up of an alligator’s tail through the tail grasses. Like all the best moments in the park, this was a total surprise. I’d been standing nearby for a long time completely oblivious to the gator’s presence. Another reminder for me to slow down and really see what’s before me.